History of 31st January

314 - St Silvester I begins his reign as Catholic Pope
876 - Charles becomes king of Italy
1504 - By treaty of Lyons, French cede Naples to Ferdinand of Aragon
1531 - Kings Ferdinand of Austria/Janos Zapolyai of Hungary accept each other
1560 - Spanish king Philip II marries Elisabeth van Valois
1578 - Battle of Gembloers
1596 - Catholic League disjoins
1609 - Wisselbank of Amsterdam established
1627 - Spanish government goes bankrupt
1675 - Cornelia/Dina Olfaarts found not guilty of witchcraft
1679 - Jean-Baptiste Lully's opera "Bellerophon," premieres in Paris
1696 - Revolt of undertakers after funeral reforms (Amsterdam)
1747 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Lock Hospital.
1779 - Charles Messier adds M57 (Ring Nebula in Lyra) to his catalog
1804 - British vice-admiral William Blighs fleet reaches Curacao
1814 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina.
1817 - Franz Grillparzer's "Die Ahnfrau," premieres in Vienna
1842 - John Tyler's daughter Elizabeth marries in White House
1846 - After the Milwaukee Bridge War, Juneautown and Kilbourntown unified as the City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
1849 - Corn Laws abolished in Britain
1851 - Gail Borden announces invention of evaporated milk
1851 - SF Orphan's Asylum, 1st in Calif, founded
1854 - Dutch KNMI established (Royal Meteorological Institute)
1855 - Western railroads blocked by snow
1861 - Friedrich Hebbel's "Siegfrieds Tod," premieres in Weimar
1861 - State of Louisiana takes over US Mint at New Orleans
1862 - Telescope maker Alvin Clark discovers dwarf companion of Sirius
1863 - 1st black Civil War regiment, SC Volunteers, mustered into US army
1865 - Congress passes 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery in America (121-24)
1865 - Gen Robert E Lee named Commander-in-Chief of Confederate Armies
1867 - Maronite nationalist leader Youssef Karam leaves Lebanon on board of a French ship for Algeria
1871 - Millions of birds fly over western SF, darkens sky
1874 - Jesse James gang robs train at Gads Hill, Missouri
1876 - The United States orders all Native Americans to move into reservations.
1891 - The first attempt of a Portuguese republican revolution breakes out in the northern city of Porto.
1893 - "Westminster Gazette" begins publishing
1895 - Jose Martí & others leave NYC for invasion of Spanish Cuba
1901 - Boer general John Smuts & De la Rey conqueror Mud river Transvaal
1901 - Chekhov's "Three Sisters" opens at Moscow Art Theater
1901 - Winnipeg Victorias sweep Montreal Shamrocks in 2 for Stanley Cup
1904 - Bela Bartok's symphony "Kossuth," premieres
1905 - 1st auto to exceed 100 mph (161 kph), A G MacDonald, Daytona Beach
1905 - Carroll Wright appointed 1st US Commissioner of Labor
1906 - Strongest instrumentally recorded earthquake, Colombia, 8.6 Richter
1911 - Congress names SF as Panama Canal opening celebration site
1915 - 1st (German) poison gas attack, against Russians
1916 - Dutch Girl Guides form
1917 - Germany notifies US that U-boats will attack neutral merchant ship
1918 - A series of accidental collisions on a misty Scottish night leads to the loss of two Royal Navy submarines with over a hundred lives, and damage to another five British warships.
1919 - The Battle of George Square takes place in Glasgow, Scotland.
1920 - 1st Ukrainian daily newspaper in US (NYC) begins publication
1920 - Joe Malone, Quebec Bulldogs, sets NHL record with 7 goals in a game
1920 - Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, at Howard University, incorporates
1925 - Premier Ahmed Zogu becomes president of Angola
1927 - Intl allies military command in Germany disbands
1927 - NL Pres John Heydler rules Rogers Hornsby can't hold stock in the Cardinals & play for the Giants
1928 - Scotch tape 1st marketed by 3-M Company
1929 - Erich Maria Remarque publishes "Im Westen nichts Neues" in Berlin
1929 - Leon Trotsky expelled from Russia to Turkey
1930 - 1st US glider flight from a dirigible, Lakehurst, NJ
1931 - NHL's Quebec Bulldogs' Joseph Malone scores a record 7 goals
1931 - Philip Barry's "Tomorrow & Tomorrow," premieres in NYC
1932 - US railway unions accept 10% wage reduction
1933 - French govt of Daladier takes power
1933 - Hitler promises parliamentary democracy
1934 - FDR devalus dollar in relation to gold at $35 per ounce
1936 - "Green Hornet" radio show is 1st heard on WXYZ Radio in Detroit
1940 - 40 U boats sunk this month (111,000 ton)
1940 - C Turney & J Horwin's "My Dear Children," premieres in NYC
1941 - 21 U boats sunk this month (127,000 ton)
1941 - Anti-German demonstration in Haarlem Netherlands
1941 - Joe Louis KOs Red Burman in 5 for heavyweight boxing title
1941 - Layforce set sail.
1942 - 62 U boats sunk this month (327,000 ton)
1943 - 39 U boats sunk this month (203,100 ton)
1943 - Chile breaks contact with Germany & Japan
1943 - Gen Friedrich von Paul surrenders to Russian troops at Stalingrad
1944 - Operation-Overlord (D-Day) postponed until June
1944 - U-592 sunk off Ireland
1944 - US forces invade Kwajalein Atoll
1945 - US 4th Infantry division occupies Elcherrath
1946 - Yugoslavia adopts new constitution, becomes a federal republic
1948 - J D Salinger's "A Perfect Day for Banana Fish" appears in NY
1948 - Magnetic tape recorder developed by Wireway
1949 - 1st daytime soap on TV "These Are My Children" (NBC in Chicago)
1950 - President Truman publicly announces development of H-bomb
1950 - Pres Truman OKs building of hydrogen bomb
1952 - Dutch Lutheran Church reunites after 1½ centuries
1952 - Harry Heilmann & Paul Waner elected to Baseball Hall of Fame
1953 - "Princess Victoria" capsized off Stanraer Scotland; 133 die
1953 - Hurricane-like winds flood Netherlands drowning 1,835
1953 - NY, Cleveland, & Boston retaliate at Bill Veeck, forcing the Browns to play afternoon games to avoid sharing TV revenues
1955 - RCA demonstrates 1st music synthesizer
1956 - French govt of Mollet forms
1956 - Juscelino Kubitschek becomes president of Brazil
1956 - Guy Mollet becomes Prime Minister of France.
1957 - Liz Taylor's 2nd divorce (Michael Wilding)
1957 - Trans-Iranian oil pipe line finished
1957 - Eight people on the ground in Pacoima, California are killed following the mid-air collision between a Douglas DC-7 airliner and a Northrop F-89 Scorpion fighter jet.
1958 - "Jackpot Bowling" premieres on NBC with Leo Durocher as host

1958 - James van Allen discovers radiation belt
1958 - US launches their 1st artificial satellite, Explorer 1
1959 - Joe Cronin signs 7 year pact to become head of AL
1960 - Songwriter Adolph Green marries actress/singer Phyllis Newman in NYC
1961 - David Ben-Gurion resigns as premier of Israel
1961 - Ham is 1st primate in space (158 miles) aboard Mercury/Redstone 2
1961 - Houston voters approve bond to finance luxury domed stadium
1961 - Kanhai completes twin tons (117 & 115) v Aust at Adelaide
1961 - NATO secretary-general Paul-Henri Spaak says he'll resign
1961 - USAF launches Samos spy satellite to replace U-2 flights
1962 - Gen Charles P Cabell, USAF, ends term as deputy director of CIA
1962 - Samuel Gravely assumes command of destroyer escort "USS Falgout"
1963 - Tony Sheridan & Beat Brothers record "What'd I Say" & "Ruby Baby"
1964 - US report "Smoking & Health" connects smoking to lung cancer
1965 - Pud Galvin elected to baseball Hall of Fame
1966 - Belgian state police kills 2 striking mine workers
1966 - USSR launches Luna 9 towards Moon
1968 - Bobby Simpson takes 5-59 v India in his last Test for ten years
1968 - Nauru (formerly Pleasant Island) declares independence from Australia
1968 - Record high barometric pressure (1083.8 mb, 32"), at Agata, USSR
1968 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1968 - Viet Cong's Tet offensive begins
1969 - Beatles perform last live gig (42-min concert on roof of Apple HQs)
1969 - Vice Admiral Rufus L Taylor, USN, ends term as deputy director of CIA
1970 - Grateful Dead members busted on LSD charges
1971 - "My Sweet Lord" by George Harrison hit #1 on UK pop chart
1971 - Apollo 14 launched, 1st landing in lunar highlands
1971 - Jake Beckley, Joe Kelley, Harry Hooper, Rube Marquard, Chick Hafey
1971 - US female Figure Skating championship won by Janet Lynn
1971 - US male Figure Skating championship won by John Misha Petkevich
1971 - & Dave Bancroft & George Weiss elected to baseball Hall of Fame
1972 - Aretha Franklin sings at Mahalia Jackson's funeral
1972 - Birenda, becomes leader of Nepal
1972 - Military coup ousts civilian government of Ghana
1972 - US launches HEOS A-2 for interplanetary observations (396/244,998)
1974 - MacDonald's founder Ray Kroc buys San Diego Padres
1975 - Barry Manilow's "Mandy" goes gold
1975 - John Lennon releases "#9 Dream"
1975 - UCLA wins NCAA basketball championship
1976 - "Love Rollercoaster" by Ohio Players hits #1
1976 - Lance Gibbs becomes highest Test wicket-taker at 308
1977 - Frenchman Francois Claustre freed, after 33 months as hostage in Chad
1977 - Joe Sewell, Amos Rusie, & Al Lopez elected to baseball Hall of Fame
1978 - "Elvis: The Legend Lives!" opens at Palace Theater NYC for 101 perfs
1978 - Israel turns 3 milt outposts in West Bank into civilian settlements
1980 - Police storm occupied Spanish embassy in Guatemala City, killing 41
1981 - "The Tide Is High" by Blondie hits #1
1981 - 38th Golden Globes: Ordinary People, Coal Miner's Daughter
1981 - Gaetan Boucher skates world record 1000m (1:13.39)
1982 - 10 Arabian oryx (extinct except in zoos) released in Oman
1982 - 12th AFC-NFC pro bowl, AFC wins 16-13
1982 - 32nd NBA All-Star Game: East beats West 120-118 at New Jersey
1982 - Gustafson skates world record 10 km (14:26.59)
1982 - Hollis Stacy wins LPGA Whirlpool Golf Championship of Deer Creek
1982 - NFL Pro Bowl: AFC beats NFC 16-13
1982 - US male Figure Skating championship won by Scott Hamilton
1984 - 36th NHL All-Star Game: Wales beat Campbell 7-6 at NJ
1984 - Edwin Newman retires from NBC News after 35 years with the network
1984 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1985 - "Harrigan 'n Hart" opens at Longacre Theater NYC for 5 performances
1985 - S Afr pres PW Botha offers to free Mandela if he denounces violence
1986 - Mary Lund of Minn, is 1st female recipient of an artificial heart
1987 - 44th Golden Globes: Platoon, Marlee Matlin win
1987 - United Steel workers union ratified a concessionary with USX Corp
1988 - Barge sinks near Anacortes, WA, spills 70,000 gallons of oil
1988 - Superbowl XXII: Wash Redskins beat Denver Broncos, 42-10 in San Diego Superbowl MVP: Doug Williams, Washington, QB
1990 - 1st McDonalds in Russia opens in Moscow, world's biggest McDonalds
1990 - 1st ever all-sports daily "National" begins publishing
1990 - Jushin "Thunder" Liger beats Naoki Sano to become New Japan IWGP champ
1990 - The first McDonald's in the Soviet Union opens in Moscow, USSR.
1991 - Nugget's Michael Adams becomes shortest NBAer to get a triple-double
1991 - Robert Gibson flies record 27,040 feet altitude
1992 - MTA raised tolls on most NYC bridges from $2.50 to $3.00
1992 - Sportscaster Howard Cosell retires
1993 - "St Joan" opens at Lyceum Theater NYC for 49 performances
1993 - 81st Australian Mens Tennis: Jim Courier beats S Edberg (62 61 26 75)
1993 - Superbowl XXVII: Dallas Cowboys beat Buffalo Bills, 52-17 in Pasadena Superbowl MVP: Troy Aikman, Dallas, QB
1994 - Barcelona opera theater "Gran Teatro del Liceo" burns down
1994 - Dow Jones hits a record 3,978.36
1995 - President Bill Clinton authorizes a $20 billion loan to Mexico to stabilize its economy.
1998 - 72nd Australian Womens Tennis: Martina Hingis beats C Martinez (63 63)
1998 - STS 89 (Endeavour 12) lands
2000 - Alaska Airlines flight 261 MD-83, experiencing horizontal stabilizer problems, crashes in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Point Mugu, California, killing all 88 persons aboard.
2001 - In the Netherlands a Scottish court convicts a Libyan and acquits another for their part in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 which crashed into Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988.
2003 - The Waterfall rail accident occurs near Waterfall, New South Wales, Australia.
2007 - Suspects are arrested in Birmingham in the UK, accused of plotting the kidnap, holding and eventual beheading of a serving Muslim British soldier in Iraq.
2009 - In Kenya, at least 113 people are killed and over 200 injured following an oil spillage ignition in Molo, days after a massive fire at a Nakumatt supermarket in Nairobi killed at least 25 people.